{base}
coerce object to character
{base}
coerce to integer
{base}
create recursive vector (list)
{base}
create vector of numbers, characters, etc.
{dplyr}
create or modify data columns
{lubridate}
return or set year component of a date-time
{stringr}
replace all matched patterns in a string
{ggplot2}
create histogram of counts as bars
{base}
sum elements of vector
{tidyr}
pivot data frame to be longer
{dplyr}
keep specified columns
{base}
load R packages
{dplyr}
group data by levels of column
{ggplot2}
create a plotting area
{readr}
re-convert character columns in existing data frame
{tidyr}
pivot data frame to be wider
{tidyr}
split single column into multiple columns
{ggplot2}
create aesthetic mappings between data and plot
{readr}
read comma delimited files
The end!